Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39867965›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2025

Global, regional, national burden of asthma from 1990 to 2021, with projections of incidence to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.

Linna Yuan, Junxian Tao, Jiacheng Wang, Wei She, Yuping Zou, Ruilin Li, Yingnan Ma, Chen Sun, Shuo Bi, Siyu Wei and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Obesity and asthma during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025
    Pooled it
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  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Prevalence and Sociodemographic Variation of Allergic Diseases in Australia: Findings From the Australian National Health Survey.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Study on the Therapeutic Effects of Ginsenoside Rh2 in Asthma Improvement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Linna YuanCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Junxian TaoCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Jiacheng WangCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Wei SheCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Yuping ZouCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Ruilin LiCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Yingnan MaCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Chen SunCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Shuo BiCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Siyu WeiCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Haiyan ChenCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Xuying GuoCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Hongsheng TianCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Jing XuCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Yu DongCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Ye MaCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Hongmei SunCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Wenhua LvCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Zhenwei ShangCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Yongshuai JiangCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Hongchao LvCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Mingming ZhangCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Asthma is the second leading cause of mortality among chronic respiratory illnesses. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the burden of asthma. Methods: Data on asthma were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. We focused on the effects of age, sex, risk factors, and the socio-demographic index (SDI) on the burden of asthma and calculated the average annual percent change (AAPC) via joinpoint regression. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was adopted to estimate the causal relationships between risk factors and asthma. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict incidence patterns of asthma from 2022 to 2050. Findings: In 2021, there was an observed prevalence of asthma, with 3,340 cases per 100,000 people. Males who were below 20 years old had a greater prevalence of asthma. The incidence and prevalence correlated positively with the SDI, whereas mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) correlated negatively. The contribution of high body mass index (BMI) to asthma DALYs increased by 4.3% worldwide between 1990 and 2021. MR studies have confirmed that high BMI and smoking can increase the risk of asthma. The prediction results indicated that the global age-standardised incidence rate will remain high from 2022 to 2050. Interpretation: The global mortality of patients with asthma is a significant concern. The analysis of the burden of asthma can help formulate public health policies, allocate resources, and prevent asthma. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Program for Young Talents of Basic Research in Universities of Heilongjiang Province; Marshal Initiative Funding; Mathematical Tianyuan Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China; XingLian Outstanding Talent Support Program 2024.

Indexed as

AsthmaGBD 2021Mendelian randomizationPredictionRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID39867965
PMCPMC11764843

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.