ArticleJournal of pain research2025
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Study.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a novel treatment option in complex regional pain syndrome and other chronic pain conditions.Medical gas research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating chronic pain condition characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction with a world-wide prevalence of 26.2 per 100,000 people per year and is 3 to 4 times more prevalent in females. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown to be beneficial for pain relief in neuropathic pain and initial evidence in CRPS is promising, but studies are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using rTMS in CRPS patients, to improve pain intensity and quality of life. Patients and Methods: Six participants (5 lower limb, 1 upper limb, 42 ± 9 yr) took part in an open-label rTMS study comprised of a 9-week intervention and 6-month follow-up. Participants took part in a 4-week induction period (5 days per week) followed by a 5-week tapering period whereby the frequency of rTMS sessions per week was reduced. rTMS was delivered at 10 hz for 2000 pulses at 80% of resting motor threshold over the primary motor cortex. Feasibility was assessed as compliance of attending treatment sessions. Clinical outcomes included pain intensity using the numerical ratings scale, Pain Catastrophizing scale-EN-SF, PROMIS-29 v2.0 profile, and Rainbow Pain Scale. Results: All participants tolerated the study procedures and 83% of participants completed the 9-week intervention, deeming the protocol feasible. At six months follow-up, data was obtained from 3 individuals. Exploratory analysis revealed a significant reduction in pain intensity (~20%) immediately following the intervention. Categorical improvements in allodynia were observed in four patients immediately following the intervention. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that rTMS delivered over 9 weeks is feasible and well tolerated in individuals living with CRPS. However, there are challenges in collecting follow-up data for six months and appropriate measures must be taken in randomized controlled trials to ensure follow-up retention.
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