Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39867358›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025

Large language models outperform traditional structured data-based approaches in identifying immunosuppressed patients.

Vijeeth Guggilla, Mengjia Kang, Melissa J Bak, Steven D Tran, Anna Pawlowski, Prasanth Nannapaneni, Luke V Rasmussen, Daniel Schneider, Helen Donnelly, Ankit Agrawal and 7 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Vijeeth GuggillaCenter for Health Information Partnerships, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9132-514X
Mengjia KangDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1679-9473
Melissa J BakDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3101-9092
Steven D TranCenter for Health Information Partnerships, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7273-2348
Anna PawlowskiNorthwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9047-6437
Prasanth NannapaneniNorthwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8080-3214
Luke V RasmussenDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4497-8049
Daniel SchneiderNorthwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3523-745X
Helen DonnellyDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8827-8581
Ankit AgrawalDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5519-0302
David LiebovitzDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2518-5940
Alexander V MisharinDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2879-3789
Gr Scott BudingerDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3114-5208
Richard G WunderinkDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8527-4195
Theresa L WalunasCenter for Health Information Partnerships, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7653-3650
Catherine A GaoDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5576-3943
NU SCRIPT Study Investigators

Funding

Tissue resident macrophages regulate proteostasis in the aging lungP01AG049665 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GR Scott Budinger · 2015 to 2026
$26.9M
Technology CoreU19AI135964 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Benjamin David Singer · 2018 to 2026
$24.7M
The Cell Phenotyping and Mouse CoreP01HL154998 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI KAREN M RIDGE · 2021 to 2026
$18.9M
Midwest Murine-Tissue Mapping Center (MM-TMC)U54AG079754 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI GR Scott Budinger, Sundeep Khosla · 2022 to 2026
$11.5M
Synergistic roles of lung autoantibodies, donor nonclassical monocytes and recipient classical monocytes in mediating primary graft dysfunctionP01HL169188 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Seunghye Han · 2024 to 2026
$11.1M
The Neu-Lung Consortium: Neutrophilic Mechanisms of Inflammation, Injury, and Repair in Lung and Airways DiseasesU19AI181102 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Max A Seibold · 2024 to 2026
$9.3M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM144295 · NIGMS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI ALAN R HAUSER · 2022 to 2026
$9.1M
Role of spleen educated monocytes in mediating ischemia-reperfusion injury followinglung transplant surgeryR01HL147575 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Ankit Bharat, GR Scott Budinger · 2019 to 2026
$5.5M
Pathogenesis of lung injury mediated by lung-restricted antibodiesR01HL147290 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Ankit Bharat, GR Scott Budinger · 2019 to 2026
$5.2M
CRITICAL: Collaborative Resource for Intensive care Translational science, Informatics, Comprehensive Analytics, and LearningU01TR003528 · NCATS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI CIMINO, JAMES J, LUO, YUAN · 2021 to 2024
$4.9M
Mechanisms of regulatory T cell-mediated recovery from severe viral pneumoniaR01HL149883 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Benjamin David Singer · 2020 to 2026
$4.1M
Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophage drives inflammatory response to lung ozone exposureR01ES034350 · NIEHS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Alexander Misharin, Robert Matthew Tighe · 2022 to 2026
$3.0M
CSRD VA I01 CX001777NCATS NIH HHS U01 TR003528NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL169815NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL154998NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL169188NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147290NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147575NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL149883NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL153122NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL153312NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL158139NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI135964NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI181102NIA NIH HHS P01 AG049665NIA NIH HHS R21 AG075423NIA NIH HHS U54 AG079754NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD107571NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034350NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM144295NLM NIH HHS F31 LM014201NLM NIH HHS R01 LM013337
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Identifying immunosuppressed patients using structured data can be challenging. Large language models effectively extract structured concepts from unstructured clinical text. Here we show that GPT-4o outperforms traditional approaches in identifying immunosuppressive conditions and medication use by processing hospital admission notes. We also demonstrate the extensibility of our approach in an external dataset. Cost-effective models like GPT-4o mini and Llama 3.1 also perform well, but not as well as GPT-4o.

Identifiers

PMID39867358
PMCPMC11759841

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.