Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39866792›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

3D printing of biological tooth with multiple ordered hierarchical structures.

Menglu Zhao, Yanan Geng, Suna Fan, Xiang Yao, Jiexin Wang, Meifang Zhu, Yaopeng Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Menglu ZhaoState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
Yanan GengState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
Suna FanState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
Xiang YaoState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
Jiexin WangState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
Meifang ZhuState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
Yaopeng ZhangState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural teeth fulfill functional demands by their heterogeneity. The composition and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructured orientation of enamel differ from those of dentin. However, mimicking analogous materials still exhibit a significant challenge. Herein, a bottom-up, sequential approach was formulated by combining shear-induced and magnetic-assisted 3D printing technology, enabling the fabrication of the intricate microstructure of a multi-material dental crown, where the HAp nanostructure is highly ordered and almost perpendicular to each other at the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ). The HAp nanorods were first induced to achieve high orientation in each printed line, then formed a plane with a vertical structure of DEJ under the shear force and magnetic field at dentin and enamel, respectively, and finally 3D-printed into a dental crown with bilayered parts exhibiting site-specific composition, texture, and outstanding biocompatibility. This novel approach can be applied to design and fabricate natural tooth crowns, indicating the potential for multi-level and multi-dimensional texture control.

Indexed as

Anisotropy architectureBionic crownHydroxyapatiteMagnetic-assisted 3D printingMechanical properties

Identifiers

PMID39866792
PMCPMC11764292

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.