ArticleHeliyon2025
Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Phage Cocktail Designed for Wastewater Bioremediation Has Limited Effect on Crustacean Filtrator Microbiome Diversity and Health.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Tetracyclines in the Modern Era: Global Consumption, Antimicrobial Resistance, Environmental Occurrence, and Degradation Techniques.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental antibiotic residues (EARs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are known to contribute to global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated EAR levels in selected wells, river, abattoir wastewater, bottled water and sachet water from Ede, Nigeria. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and health risk (Hazard quotient) of the levels of these EARs, ARB and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) with their antibiotic resistance were calculated. Antibiotic residues detected included tetracycline-TET (14.2-135.8 μg/L), chloramphenicol-CHL (6.8-224.7 μg/L), metronidazole-MET (3.7-83.8 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole-SUL (0.56-18.6 μg/L), and ciprofloxacin-CIP (3.8-97 μg/L). Antibiotic residues in STW samples were below the detection limit while ampicillin was not detected in any of the water samples. Chloramphenicol posed the highest ecological risk to algae while infants were particularly at risks of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole resistance in various water sources. No health risk due to bottled water exposure is observed for any population group. The mean log10 bacteria count (cfu/mL) followed the trend abattoir (5.68) > river (5.67) > hand-dug well (5.53) > sachet (5.03) > bottled (4.83). The most occurring ARB in water samples are Bacillus spp (36.3 %) > Staphylococcus (27.5 %) and the most dominant MDR isolate is
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