Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39866165›Full record

ReviewJornal vascular brasileiro2024

Techniques for randomization and allocation for clinical trials.

Anna Carolina Miola, Ana Cláudia Cavalcante Espósito, Hélio Amante Miot

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Jornal vascular brasileiro, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Anna Carolina MiolaUniversidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.ORCID 0000-0001-8926-734X
Ana Cláudia Cavalcante EspósitoUniversidade do Oeste Paulista - Unoeste, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.ORCID 0000-0001-9283-2354
Hélio Amante MiotUniversidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.ORCID 0000-0002-2596-9294

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intervention studies require all participants to originate from the same population, with random allocation to intervention groups to ensure comparability. Randomization is crucial for minimizing confounding factors, allowing differences in outcomes to be attributed to the intervention. Simple randomization performs well for large samples (>100 per group), but smaller samples may require block or stratified randomization to balance group sizes and covariates. When randomization isn't feasible, quasi-randomized methods (e.g., based on dates or enrollment order) can help but must compensate with multivariate adjustments. Moreover, blinding and allocation concealment enhance internal validity and reproducibility. Allocation concealment (e.g., sealed envelopes) prevents bias during participant assignment while blinding mitigates detection and performance biases. Precise methodological descriptions in clinical trial registrations and publications enhance study reliability and reproducibility, highlighting the importance of rigorous planning and transparent reporting in intervention research. This article reviews the key concepts of randomization, blinding, and allocation concealment in interventional studies.

Indexed as

Allocation ConcealmentBias ReductionIntervention StudiesMethodological ValidityRandomization

Identifiers

PMID39866165
PMCPMC11758574

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.