Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39865605›Full record

ArticleHuman reproduction (Oxford, England)2025

Ethical considerations on surrogacy†.

Writing Group on behalf of the ESHRE Ethics Committee, Francoise Shenfield, Basil Tarlatzis, Guiliana Baccino, Theofano Bounartzi, Lucy Frith, Guido Pennings, Veerle Provoost, Nathalie Vermeulen, Heidi Mertes

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Writing Group on behalf of the ESHRE Ethics Committee
Francoise ShenfieldUCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College Hospital London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6111-4509
Basil TarlatzisUnit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Guiliana BaccinoNewLifeBank, Madrid, Spain.
Theofano BounartziDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Lucy FrithDepartment of Law, Centre for Social Ethics & Policy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8506-0699
Guido PenningsDepartment of Philosophy and Moral Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-0754-8055
Veerle ProvoostDepartment of Philosophy and Moral Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Nathalie VermeulenESHRE Central Office, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-8046-6799
Heidi MertesDepartment of Philosophy and Moral Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-3029-2158

Funding

European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surrogacy is the assisted reproductive technology (ART) practice in which a person becomes pregnant, carries, and delivers a child on behalf of another couple/person, who are the intended parent(s). Surrogacy is an especially complex practice as the interests of the intended parents, the gestational carrier, and the future child may differ. This paper considers ethical questions related to different forms of surrogacy. It concludes that non-commercial surrogacy is an acceptable method of assisted reproduction for specific indications. When using surrogacy to form a family, it is essential that there are measures to protect all parties, to guarantee well-considered decision-making, and to minimize risks. The current paper formulates recommendations to promote these measures. This paper is an update to the ESHRE Task Force Ethics and Law Paper 10: Surrogacy and replaces this paper.

Indexed as

Gestational CarriersReproductive Techniques, AssistedDecision MakingFemaleHumansPregnancyARTcommissioning parentsenforceabilityethicsgestational carrierintended parentssurrogatethird-party reproduction

Identifiers

PMID39865605
PMCPMC11879172

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.