Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39864629›Full record

ArticleVirus research2025

Genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco: Insights from whole genome sequences collected from 2020 to 2024.

Hamza Ghammaz, Marouane Melloul, Ahlam Mbarki, Mouhssine Hemlali, Taha Chouati, Hicham El Annaz, Nadia Touil, Mostafa Elouennass, Khalid Ennibi, Elmostafa El Fahime

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virus research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hamza GhammazMolecular Biology and Functional Genomics Platform, National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco; Genomic Centre for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Marouane MelloulMolecular Biology and Functional Genomics Platform, National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco; Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Ahlam MbarkiMolecular Biology and Functional Genomics Platform, National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco; Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Mouhssine HemlaliMolecular Biology and Functional Genomics Platform, National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco; Genomic Centre for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Taha ChouatiMolecular Biology and Functional Genomics Platform, National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco; Genomic Centre for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Hicham El AnnazCell Culture Unit, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Nadia TouilCell Culture Unit, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Mostafa ElouennassDepartment of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Khalid EnnibiCell Culture Unit, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; Immunopathology Research Team (ERIP), Faculty of Medicine of Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Elmostafa El FahimeMolecular Biology and Functional Genomics Platform, National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco; Genomic Centre for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; University Mohammed VI of Science and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco; Genomics and Molecular Biology, Mohammed Vi Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI), Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: elfahime@cnrst.ma.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the evolution and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in Morocco to track the spread, clade distributions and mutations of the virus across various regions from February 2020 to June 2024. The genome sequences were retrieved from the GISAID database. A total of 2630 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences were analyzed using bioinformatic tools such as Nextclade, followed by phylogenetic and statistical analyses. The study highlights the predominance of the GRA clade (Omicron variant) since November 2021, while clades such as G, GH, GR, and GRY were identified earlier. The GRA clade exhibited the highest number of non-synonymous mutations, particularly in the Spike (S) gene, suggesting strong evolutionary pressure. The correlation analysis between structural and non-structural proteins revealed key interactions between S and NSP5, providing insights into the viral replication and assembly processes. This work gives new insights to the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco and underscores the importance of ongoing genomic surveillance to respond to emerging variants and potential future outbreaks.

Indexed as

COVID-19Evolution, MolecularGenome, ViralSARS-CoV-2Genetic VariationHumansMoroccoMutationPhylogenySpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusWhole Genome SequencingSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2cladesGenomic surveillance in MoroccoMoroccoSARS-CoV-2 variants

Identifiers

PMID39864629
PMCPMC11841124

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.