Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39864526›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2025

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: The PSERENADE project.

Yangyupei Yang, Maria Deloria Knoll, Carly Herbert, Julia C Bennett, Daniel R Feikin, Maria Garcia Quesada, Marissa K Hetrich, Scott L Zeger, Eunice W Kagucia, Melody Xiao and 46 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Disease burden of non-polio enterovirus-associated meningitis in children in G20 countries: an analysis based on GBD data and projections to 2050.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Genomic epidemiology ofMicrobial genomics · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

56 authors.

Yangyupei YangJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: yyang165@jhu.edu.
Maria Deloria KnollJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: mknoll2@jhu.edu.
Carly HerbertUMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States.
Julia C BennettJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Daniel R FeikinIndependent Consultant, 1296 Coppet, Switzerland.
Maria Garcia QuesadaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Marissa K HetrichJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Scott L ZegerJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Eunice W KaguciaEpidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine-Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Melody XiaoJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Adam L CohenWorld Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Mark van der LindenReference Laboratory for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Mignon du PlessisCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, 2192 Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, 2000 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Inci YildirimDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, New Haven, CT 06504, United States.
Brita A WinjeFaculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
Emmanuelle VaronNational Reference Centre for Pneumococci, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France.
Maria Teresa ValenzuelaDepartment of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Metropolitan Region, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
Palle Valentiner-BranthInfectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anneke SteensCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
J Anthony ScottEpidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine-Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Larisa SavrasovaCentre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Riga 1005, Latvia; Doctoral Studies Department, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga 1007, Latvia.
Juan Carlos SanzLaboratorio Regional de Salud Pública, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Comunidad de Madrid, 28055 Madrid, Spain.
Aalisha Sahu KhanMinistry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji.
Kazunori OishiToyama Institute of Health, Imizu, 939-0363 Toyama, Japan.
Néhémie NzoyikoreraHigher Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco; Laboratory of Infectiology and Microbial Biotechnology Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation (CM6), Rabat, Morocco; National Reference Laboratory, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi.
J Pekka NuortiDepartment of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland.
Jolita MereckieneHealth Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), 25-27 Gardiner Street Middle, Dublin D01 A4A3, Ireland.
Kimberley McMahonCentre for Disease Control, Department of Health and Community Services, Darwin City, NT 8000, Australia.
Allison McGeerToronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Grant A MackenzieDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, PO Box 273, Banjul, Gambia; New Vaccines Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 Victoria, Australia.
Laura MacDonaldPublic Health Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Shamez N LadhaniImmunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, NW9 5EQ London, United Kingdom.
Karl G KristinssonDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Jackie KleynhansCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, 2192 Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
James D KellnerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta T3B 6A8, Canada.
Sanjay JayasingheNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145 NSW, Australia.
Pak-Leung HoDepartment of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
Markus HiltySwiss National Reference Centre for invasive Pneumococci, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Laura L HammittJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine-Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Marcela GuevaraCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, 31003 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Charlotte GilkisonEpidemiology Team, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua, 5022 Wellington, New Zealand.
Ryan GierkeDivision of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
Stefanie DesmetDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; National Reference Centre for Streptococcus pneumoniae, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Philippe De WalsDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
Ron DaganThe Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Edoardo ColzaniEuropean Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 169 73 Solna, Sweden.
Pilar CiruelaCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Surveillance and Public Health Emergency Response, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.
Urtnasan ChuluunbatNational Center of Communicable Diseases (NCCD), Ministry of Health, Bayanzurkh District, 13336 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Guanhao ChanSingapore Ministry of Health, Communicable Diseases Division, 308442, Singapore.
Romina CamilliDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy.
Michael G BruceArctic Investigations Program, Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.
Maria-Cristina C BrandileoneNational Laboratory for Meningitis and Pneumococcal Infections, Center of Bacteriology, Institute Adolfo Lutz (IAL), São Paulo, 01246-902, Brazil.
Krow AmpofoDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
Katherine L O'BrienJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Kyla HayfordJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
PSERENADE Team

Funding

Infectious Diseases Across Scales Training ProgramT32AI138952 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Jacobus de Roode · 2019 to 2026
$1.8M
Gates Foundation INV-010429NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI138952World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

methodsThe number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally. Site-specific meningitis incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing pre-PCV incidence to each year post-PCV10/13 were estimated by age (<5, 5-17 and ≥18 years) using Bayesian multi-level mixed effects Poisson regression, accounting for pre-PCV trends. All-site weighted average IRRs were estimated using linear mixed-effects regression stratified by age, product (PCV10 or PCV13) and prior PCV7 impact (none, moderate, or substantial). Changes in pneumococcal meningitis incidence were estimated overall and for product-specific vaccine-types and non-PCV13-types.

resultsAnalyses included 10,168 cases <5 y from PCV13 sites and 2849 from PCV10 sites, 3711 and 1549 for 5-17 y and 29,187 and 5653 for ≥18 y from 42 surveillance sites (30 PCV13, 12 PCV10, 2 PCV10/13) in 30 countries, primarily high-income (84%). Six years after PCV10/PCV13 introduction, pneumococcal meningitis declined 48-74% across products and PCV7 impact strata for children <5 y, 35-62% for 5-17 y and 0-36% for ≥18 y. Impact against PCV10-types at PCV10 sites, and PCV13-types at PCV13 sites was high for all age groups (<5 y: 96-100%; 5-17 y: 77-85%; ≥18 y: 73-85%). After switching from PCV7 to PCV10/13, increases in non-PCV13-types were generally low to none for all age groups.

conclusionPneumococcal meningitis declined in all age groups following PCV10/PCV13 introduction. Plateaus in non-PCV13-type meningitis suggest less replacement than for all IPD. Data from meningitis belt and high-burden settings were limited.

Indexed as

Meningitis, PneumococcalPneumococcal VaccinesStreptococcus pneumoniaeAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceInfantMaleMiddle AgedSerogroup10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine13-valent pneumococcal vaccinePneumococcal VaccinesVaccines, ConjugateIncidenceIndirect protectionPneumococcal conjugate vaccinesPneumococcal meningitisSerotype replacementSerotypesVaccine impact

Identifiers

PMID39864526
PMCPMC11879884

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.