ArticleTuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)2025
HIV co-infection is associated with increased HLA-DR expression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells in people with latent tuberculosis infection.
Article in Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Infection with HIV is associated with dysregulated CD4 T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and increased risk of developing tuberculosis. Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in people with HIV have diminished Th1 cytokine production capacity, thus we utilized a flow cytometry-based assay to measure CD40L expression by Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in a cytokine-independent manner. We evaluated the frequency and phenotype of Mtb-specific CD4 responses in Kenyan adults with latent Mtb infection and found that the majority of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells expressed CD40L in the absence of IFN-γ, regardless of HIV infection status. Expression of HLA-DR was increased on Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in people with HIV, compared to people without HIV. These data suggest expression of HLA-DR by Mtb-specific CD4 T cells may represent an early biomarker of increased mycobacterial antigen stimulation in people with HIV prior to the development of symptomatic tuberculosis disease.
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