ArticleMedicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal2025
Accuracy of ChatGPT 3.5, 4.0, 4o and Gemini in diagnosing oral potentially malignant lesions based on clinical case reports and image recognition.
Article in Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Periodontitis Risk Assessment and Prevention Planning: Comparative Study of Multimodal Large Language Models and Periodontist Evaluations.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Commercial large language models for oral cavity cancer staging using descriptive pre-treatment MRI reports: ready for standalone use in clinical practice?Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in otolaryngology: current applications, limitations, and future perspectives.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Review
- Prompt Configurations for Multimodal Large Language Models in Diagnosing and Staging Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Multimodel Retrospective Observational Diagnostic Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Observational
- Clinical Applications of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in Otolaryngology: A State-of-the-Art Review.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Review
- The doctors of the future: the competition of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4 omni, and Gemini 2.0 Flash in andrology.BMC urology · 2026Article
- JADE: jawbone lesion diagnosis and decision supporting system.Dento maxillo facial radiology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Performance of Contemporary Large Language Models on Free-Text Histopathologic Descriptions in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.Head and neck pathology · 2026Article
- Article
- Efficiency of artificial intelligence in identifying histological tissues from microscopic images.Anatomy & cell biology · 2026Article
- Estimating Lumbar Spine Foraminal Disc Measurements Using Ultrasound and X-Ray Imaging Through Advanced Image Annotation, Processing, and Mathematical Modeling During Chiropractic Traction Procedures: A Feasibility Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating Large Language Models for Diagnostic Accuracy and Health Information Quality in Oral Mucosal Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence chatbots versus dentists: a comparative knowledge assessment on traumatic dental injury management.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- [Research progress of large language models in tumor diagnosis: applications in textual reports and medical imaging].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Review
- Multimodal large language models for oral lesion diagnosis: a systematic review of diagnostic performance and clinical utility.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Vision-based diagnostic gain of ChatGPT-5 and gemini 2.5 pro compared with human experts in oral lesion assessment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Performance of Multimodal Large Language Models in the Analysis of Oral Pathology.Oral diseases · 2025Article
- Large language models as information providers for appropriate antimicrobial use: computational text analysis and expert-rated comparison of ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini.BMJ health & care informatics · 2025Article
- ChatGPT in Oral Pathology: Bright Promise or Diagnostic Mirage.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- A multi-dimensional performance evaluation of large language models in dental implantology: comparison of ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Grok, Gemini and Qwen across diverse clinical scenarios.BMC oral health · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe accurate and timely diagnosis of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) is crucial for effective management and prevention of oral cancer. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence technologies indicates its potential to assist in clinical decision-making. Hence, this study was carried out with the aim to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT 3.5, 4.0, 4o and Gemini in identifying OPMLs. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe analysis was carried out using 42 case reports from PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar and images from two datasets, corresponding to different OPMLs. The reports were inputted separately for text description-based diagnosis in GPT 3.5, 4.0, 4o and Gemini, and for image recognition-based diagnosis in GPT 4o and Gemini. Two subject-matter experts independently reviewed the reports and offered their evaluations.
resultsFor text-based diagnosis, among LLMs, GPT 4o got the maximum number of correct responses (27/42), followed by GPT 4.0 (20/42), GPT 3.5 (18/42) and Gemini (15/42). In identifying OPMLs based on image, GPT 4o demonstrated better performance than Gemini. There was fair to moderate agreement found between Large Language Models (LLMs) and subject experts. None of the LLMs matched the accuracy of the subject experts in identifying the correct number of lesions.
conclusionsThe results point towards cautious optimism with respect to commonly used LLMs in diagnosing OPMLs. While their potential in diagnostic applications is undeniable, their integration should be approached judiciously.
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