ReviewMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2025
Engineering resilient CAR T cells for immunosuppressive environment.
Review in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- mRNA-LNP vaccine providing antigen and co-stimulation in the tumor microenvironment enhances CAR T cell function (CART-Vac).Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Common gamma chain cytokines-driven optimization of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: Mechanistic insights and future directions.World journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Unleashing CAR-T potential in solid tumors: overcoming intrinsic and extrinsic hurdles to improve therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- CAR-engineered cell therapies: current understandings and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Overcoming Resistance and Relapse in CAR-T and CAR-NK Cell Therapies: From Bench to Bedside.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Advances in Nanotechnology for Lymphoma Treatment: Targeted Delivery, Immunomodulation, and TME-Responsive Therapy Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- After a Decade of Therapy Revolution in Cutaneous Melanoma-Perspectives on Emerging Treatment Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Current regulatory requirements for assessment of immunogenicity for gene therapy medicinal products.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Challenges and strategies in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in AML: breaking barriers and charting the future.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- From Bench to Bedside: Emerging Paradigms in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Malignancies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Role of LAIR1 as a Regulatory Receptor of Antitumor Immune Cell Responses and Tumor Cell Growth and Expansion.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Innate immunity of bile and cholangiocytes in primary biliary cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Medulloblastoma: biology and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeted therapies and resistance mechanisms in lymphoma: Current landscape and emerging solutions.Oncoscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and is now being explored for other diseases, such as autoimmune disorders. While the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer is often immunosuppressive, in autoimmune diseases, the environment is typically inflammatory. Both environments can negatively impact CAR T cell survival: the former through direct suppression, hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation, and the latter through chronic T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, risking exhaustion. Mechanisms of resistance include T cell exhaustion, dysfunction, and the impact of the TME. Chronic antigenic stimulation leads to CAR T cell exhaustion. CAR construct design, including co-stimulatory domains, hinge, transmembrane regions, promoters, the affinity of the binder site, and on/off rate plays a crucial role in modulating CAR T cell function and resistance. This review discusses the impact of the in vitro development of CAR T cells, albeit in relation to the TME, on therapeutic outcomes. The use of alternative cell sources, multi-antigen targeting, and reengineering the TME, are discussed. The review emphasizes the need for continued innovation in CAR T cell design and manufacturing to optimize therapeutic efficacy and durability, especially in the face of varying environmental challenges.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.