Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39863624›Full record

ArticleScientific data2025

DeepExtremeCubes: Earth system spatio-temporal data for assessing compound heatwave and drought impacts.

Chaonan Ji, Tonio Fincke, Vitus Benson, Gustau Camps-Valls, Miguel-Ángel Fernández-Torres, Fabian Gans, Guido Kraemer, Francesco Martinuzzi, David Montero, Karin Mora and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Chaonan JiRemote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth), Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany. chaonan.ji@uni-leipzig.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-0508
Tonio FinckeBrockmann Consult GmbH, Hamburg, 21029, Germany.
Vitus BensonMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-5501
Gustau Camps-VallsImage Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, València, 46980, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-2138
Miguel-Ángel Fernández-TorresImage Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, València, 46980, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-199X
Fabian GansMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany.
Guido KraemerRemote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth), Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4865-5041
Francesco MartinuzziRemote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth), Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-3703
David MonteroRemote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth), Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-3286
Karin MoraRemote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth), Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-4490
Oscar J Pellicer-ValeroImage Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, València, 46980, Spain.
Claire RobinMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany.
Maximilian SöchtingRemote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth), Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-2821
Mélanie WeynantsMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany.
Miguel D MahechaRemote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth), Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany. miguel.mahecha@uni-leipzig.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-613X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With climate extremes' rising frequency and intensity, robust analytical tools are crucial to predict their impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Machine learning techniques show promise but require well-structured, high-quality, and curated analysis-ready datasets. Earth observation datasets comprehensively monitor ecosystem dynamics and responses to climatic extremes, yet the data complexity can challenge the effectiveness of machine learning models. Despite recent progress in deep learning to ecosystem monitoring, there is a need for datasets specifically designed to analyse compound heatwave and drought extreme impact. Here, we introduce the DeepExtremeCubes database, tailored to map around these extremes, focusing on persistent natural vegetation. It comprises over 40,000 globally sampled small data cubes (i.e. minicubes), with a spatial coverage of 2.5 by 2.5 km. Each minicube includes (i) Sentinel-2 L2A images, (ii) ERA5-Land variables and generated extreme event cube covering 2016 to 2022, and (iii) ancillary land cover and topography maps. The paper aims to (1) streamline data accessibility, structuring, pre-processing, and enhance scientific reproducibility, and (2) facilitate biosphere dynamics forecasting in response to compound extremes.

Identifiers

PMID39863624
PMCPMC11763250

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.