ArticleThe journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease2025
Enhancing dementia prediction: A 19-year validation of the CAIDE risk score with insulin resistance and APOE ε4 integration in a population-based cohort.
Article in The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of Dementia Risk Score in Primary Care: Knowledge Level, Social Factors, and Health Behaviours.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Article
- Association between dietary patterns and CAIDE-predicted dementia risk: A 20-year cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Research advances on acute kidney injury and brain dysfunction.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Review
- Five-year dementia prediction and decision support system based on real-world data.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDementia is a significant cause of disability and dependency. Persons with high dementia risk but intact cognition will benefit from preventive interventions.
objectivesThe aim was to validate dementia risk score Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) in a national population-based cohort with data on age, education, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia and physical activity. Secondly, we examined if substituting obesity item with Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) would improve predictive value of CAIDE risk score.
designLongitudinal, population-based cohort study.
settingGeneral population, Finland
participantsRepresentative sample of Finnish adult population aged over 30 years from Health 2000 Survey (n = 5,806). MEASUREMENTS: CAIDE dementia risk score and substituting BMI with HOMA-IR.
resultsDementia was diagnosed in 571 (9.8 %) participants during the 19 years follow-up. CAIDE risk score predicted dementia well: AUC (area under curve) ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) was 0.78 (95 % CI from 0.76 to 0.79). Secondly, replacing obesity with HOMA-IR in CAIDE risk score generated similar results: ROC AUC 0.78 (95 % CI from 0.76 to 0.80). Adding APOE ε4 status further improved predictive value of risk score: ROC AUC 0.81 (95 % CI from 0.80 to 0.83).
conclusionsCAIDE dementia risk score predicts dementia well in a national population-based cohort. Adding APOE ε4 genotype improved predictive value of risk score. Insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR is comparable to obesity as part of CAIDE risk score. These findings imply that CAIDE risk score is applicable for assessing risk of dementia and highlight importance of modifiable risk factors of dementia.
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