ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2025
Crossing the blood-brain barrier: emerging therapeutic strategies for neurological disease.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gantenerumab for Early Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and hotspots of exosome-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: a bibliometric study from 2015 to 2025.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Carboplatin and Fluorescein Brain Retention following Ultrasound-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Opening.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Orally activatable membrane fusion-mitochondria hitchhiking on intestinal macrophages for targeted therapy of bacterial meningitis and neuroinflammation.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Single-cell transcriptome-guided biomimetic magnetothermal hydrogel microspheres for multimodal eradication of residual glioblastoma.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Role of the WNT signalling pathway in physiological and pathological blood-brain barrier.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Reprogramming PD-L1 endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation via engineered exosome-based nanocomposites overcomes immune resistance in lung cancer brain metastasis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioma: Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Implications for Clinical Therapy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- The neuroimmune-glutamate hypothesis of addiction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Recent Advancements in Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Blood-brain barrier-penetrant nanotherapy inhibits haem oxygenase-1-mediated ferroptosis for post-resuscitation neuroprotection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Putative Modulation of OATP1A2 and P-gp Expression at the Blood-Brain Barrier by Nrf2-PXR: An Associative Hypothesis for Amyloid-β Transport in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound-mediated nose-to-brain co-delivery of β-blockers and aPD-L1 enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rocket-Inspired Sequentially Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Mitochondrial Regulation and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Ischemic Stroke.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles as programmable bio-organic excipients: a next-generation platform for precision and immuno-silent drug delivery.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Development of skull-implanted ultrasound for blood-brain barrier opening and drug delivery in neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Blood-brain barrier breakdown in traumatic brain injury: current insights and future directions.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Transport pathways across the blood-brain barrier for waste clearance and drug delivery.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Glycerol-mediated nose-to-brain codelivery of anti-IL-17 and anti-CD73 antibodies enhances immunotherapy for melanoma brain metastases.Science advances · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a physiological barrier that can prevent both small and complex drugs from reaching the brain to exert a pharmacological effect. For treatment of neurological diseases, drug concentrations at the target site are a fundamental parameter for therapeutic effect; thus, the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle to overcome. Novel strategies have been developed to circumvent the blood-brain barrier, including CSF delivery, intracranial delivery, ultrasound-based methods, membrane transporters, receptor-mediated transcytosis, and nanotherapeutics. These approaches each have their advantages and disadvantages. CSF delivery and intracranial delivery are direct but invasive techniques that have not yet shown efficacy in clinical trials, although development of novel delivery devices might improve these approaches. Ultrasound-based disruption has shown some efficacy in clinical trials, but it can require invasive procedures. Approaches using membrane transporters and receptor-mediated transcytosis are less invasive than are other techniques, but they can have off-target effects. Nanotherapeutics have shown promise, but these strategies are in early stages of development. Advancements in drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier will require appropriately designed and powered clinical studies, with a focus on the timing of treatment, demographic and genetic considerations, head-to-head comparison with other treatment strategies (rather than a placebo), and relevant primary and secondary outcome measures.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.