ArticleNutrients2025
Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Pumping Profiles of Women That Predominantly Pump Milk for Their Infants.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exclusively Pumping Women's Milk Production and Pumping and Feeding Dynamics-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of Milk Removal Efficiency and Maternal Perception Between a Hospital-Grade and Personal-Use Pump.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Maternal Experiences with Exclusive Pumping-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Maternal Adiposity, Milk Production and Removal, and Infant Milk Intake During Established Lactation.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Defining Low Milk Supply: A Data-Driven Diagnostic Framework and Risk Factor Analysis for Breastfeeding Women.Nutrients · 2025Article
- A National Survey: Trends in U.S. Postpartum Pumping Practices After Term Deliveries.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Consecutive Lactation, Infant Birth Weight and Sex Do Not Associate with Milk Production and Infant Milk Intake in Breastfeeding Women.Nutrients · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhilst it is inconvenient and time-intensive, predominantly (PP) and exclusively pumping (EP) mothers rely on breast expression to provide milk for their infants and to ensure continued milk supply, yet these populations are poorly understood.
methodsWe assessed and characterised Western Australian PP mothers (
resultsPP mothers had a higher frequency of pregnancy complications and breastfeeding difficulties than the general population. Exclusive pumping did not impact the 24 h MP and the amount of milk available to the infant. PP mothers had more milk ejections, longer active flow duration and lower milk removal efficacy ratios; however, responsiveness to pump (time to first milk ejection), total flow duration, time to stop pumping, percentage of available milk removed and comfort parameters were not different to the reference group.
conclusionsDespite the reported challenges, when an effective pump is used, predominant or exclusive pumping does not negatively affect the 24 h MP and the amount of milk available to the infant. Increasing awareness of the impacts of perinatal and breastfeeding complications on women may assist health professionals in early identification of mothers at high risk for early cessation of breastfeeding, escalating early postpartum intervention and targeted breastfeeding support.
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Registered trials
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