ArticleNutrients2025
Maternal Glycemia and Its Pattern Associated with Offspring Neurobehavioral Development: A Chinese Birth Cohort Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-specific association between maternal integrative endocrine and metabolic status during pregnancy and preschoolers' emotional-behavioral development: A birth cohort study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- GDM-Related Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in the Mothers and Their Progeny, and the Underlying Mechanisms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Glycemic Status and Developmental Outcomes in Korean Children Aged 18-36 Months: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study (2014-2021).Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThis study investigates the impact of maternal glycemic levels during early and late pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment in China.
methodsFasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured in maternal blood during pregnancy, and the TyG index was calculated to assess insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia was defined as FPG > 5.1 mmol/L. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring aged 6-36 months were evaluated using the China Developmental Scale for Children, focusing on developmental delay (DD) and developmental quotient (DQ). Mothers were categorized into four glycemic groups: healthy glycemia group (HGG), early pregnancy hyperglycemia group (EHG), late pregnancy hyperglycemia group (LHG), and full-term hyperglycemia group (FHG). Linear and logistic regression models were applied.
resultsAmong 1888 mother-child pairs, hyperglycemia and FPG were associated with an increased risk of overall DD (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.07-2.64) and lower DQ (aBeta = -1.53; 95% CI -2.70 to -0.36). Elevated FPG was linked to DD in fine motor and social behaviors. Compared to HGG, LHG and FHG significantly increased the risk of overall DD (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.26-3.77; aOR = 2.64; 95% CI 1.38-5.05), whereas EHG did not. Male offspring were particularly vulnerable to early pregnancy hyperglycemia (aBeta = -2.80; 95% CI -4.36 to -1.34; aOR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.10-3.80).
conclusionsMaternal glycemic levels during pregnancy influence offspring neurodevelopment, with persistent hyperglycemia significantly increasing DD risk. Early pregnancy hyperglycemia particularly affects male offspring, underscoring the need for glycemic management during pregnancy.
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