Internal Integrated Temperature Sensor for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries represent a significant component of the field of energy storage, with a diverse range of applications in consumer electronics, portable devices, and numerous other fields. In view of the growing concerns about the safety of batteries, it is of the utmost importance to develop a sensor that is capable of accurately monitoring the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries. External sensors are subject to the necessity for additional space and ancillary equipment. Moreover, external sensors cannot accurately measure internal battery temperature due to packaging material interference, causing a temperature discrepancy between the interior and surface. Consequently, this study presents an integrated temperature sensor within the battery, based on PT1000 resistance temperature detector (RTD). The sensor is integrated with the anode via a flexible printed circuit (FPC), simplifying the assembly process. The PT1000 RTD microsensor's temperature is linearly related to resistance (R = 3.71T + 1003.86). It measures about 15 °C temperature difference inside/outside the battery. On short-circuit, the battery's internal temperature rises to 27 °C in 10 s and 32 °C in 20 s, measured by the sensor. A battery with the PT1000 sensor retains 89.8% capacity under 2 C, similar to the normal battery. Furthermore, a PT1000 temperature array sensor was designed and employed to enable precise monitoring and localization of internal temperature variations.