Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39860729›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Reusable Biosensor for Easy RNA Detection from Unfiltered Saliva.

Paweł Wityk, Agata Terebieniec, Robert Nowak, Jacek Łubiński, Martyna Mroczyńska-Szeląg, Tomasz Wityk, Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Paweł WitykMap Your DNA Ltd., Świerkowa 40, 83-330 Lniska, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8612-727X
Agata TerebieniecFungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8197-2885
Robert NowakInstitute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 40B Piastów Al., Building 6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3037-644X
Jacek ŁubińskiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0852-8400
Martyna Mroczyńska-SzelągFaculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6476-7580
Tomasz WitykMap Your DNA Ltd., Świerkowa 40, 83-330 Lniska, Poland.
Dorota Kostrzewa-NowakDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7025-3087

Funding

Map Your DNA Ltd. 23/07/2020/UD
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biosensors are transforming point-of-care diagnostics by simplifying the detection process and enabling rapid, accurate testing. This study introduces a novel, reusable biosensor designed for direct viral RNA detection from unfiltered saliva, targeting SARS-CoV-2. Unlike conventional methods requiring filtration, our biosensor leverages a unique electrode design that prevents interference from saliva debris, allowing precise measurements. The biosensor is based on electrochemical principles, employing oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a hydrophobic-coated electrode, which prevents air bubbles and salt crystal formation. During validation, the biosensor demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, accurately identifying SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples without false positives or negatives. Cross-validation with RT-qPCR, the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics, confirmed the reliability of our device. The biosensor's performance was tested on 60 participants, yielding 12 true positive results and 48 true negatives, aligning perfectly with RT-qPCR outcomes. This reusable, easy-to-use biosensor offers significant potential for point-of-care applications in various healthcare settings, providing a fast, efficient, and cost-effective method for detecting viral infections such as COVID-19. Its robust design, minimal sample preparation requirements, and multiple-use capability mark a significant advancement in biosensing technology.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesCOVID-19RNA, ViralSalivaSARS-CoV-2Electrochemical TechniquesElectrodesHumansReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityRNA, ViralbiosensorcapacitanceEISinfectionsaliva

Identifiers

PMID39860729
PMCPMC11769206

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.