Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39860404›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Improve Functional Recovery and Predict Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review.

Daniele Zanola, Andrea Morotti, Alessandro Padovani

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Daniele ZanolaNeurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-9355-4842
Andrea MorottiNeurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Alessandro PadovaniNeurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of stroke-related mortality and long-term disability, with initial ICH volume, age, location of the hemorrhage, and clinical severity being key predictors of outcome. While clinical scores incorporating these elements are validated and exhibit good inter-rater reliability, their accuracy in predicting long-term recovery remains suboptimal. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a potential adjunct for improving both prognostication and functional recovery in ICH survivors. Despite promising results, heterogeneity in stimulation protocols, patients' populations, and outcome measures have prevented NIBS implementation in clinical practice. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the association between NIBS, outcome prediction and functional recovery, discussing current challenges and future perspectives.

Indexed as

brain stimulationintracerebral hemorrhageoutcomeprognosisrecoveryTMS

Identifiers

PMID39860404
PMCPMC11765871

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.