Effects of Evaporation and Body Thermal Plume on Cough Droplet Dispersion and Exposure Risk for Queuing People.

Fengjiao Li, Guoyi Jiang, Fei Chen, Weibin Yuan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fengjiao LiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China.ORCID 0009-0003-1064-5128

Guoyi JiangDepartment of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5666-4533

Fei ChenDepartment of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.

Weibin YuanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China.

Funding

Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation 2021A1515010753National Natural Science Foundation of China 42175102

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The transmission of virus-containing droplets among multiple people in an outdoor environment is seldom evaluated. In this study, an Euler-Lagrange computational fluid dynamics approach was used to investigate the effects of evaporation and the body thermal plume on the dispersion of coughed droplets under various wind conditions, and the infection risk was evaluated for various arrangements of individuals queuing outdoors using virtual manikin models. The evaporation time was longer for larger droplets and in a more humid environment. Transient evaporation strongly affected the motion of droplets ranging in diameter from 60 to 150 μm. The body thermal plume affected airflow and particle dispersion under weak wind conditions, but its effect was negligible at wind speeds greater than 0.8 m/s. Droplets smaller than 100 μm could reach the head of a susceptible person, suggesting a high exposure risk. The exposure fraction and body deposition were highest in an all-male queue sequence and lowest for a male-female-male-female-male queue sequence.

Indexed as

computational fluid dynamics (CFD)coughdroplet dispersionevaporationexposure riskoutdoor environmentvirtual manikin

Identifiers

PMID39859968

DOI10.3390/life15010028

PMCPMC11766552

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.