ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Research on the Composition and Casting Technology of Bronze Arrowheads Unearthed from the Ruins of the Imperial City of the Minyue Kingdom.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ruins of the Imperial City of the Minyue Kingdom were an important site of the Minyue Kingdom during the Han Dynasty. Characteristic bronze arrowheads unearthed from the East Gate, with their exquisite craftsmanship, provide important physical evidence for studying ancient bronze casting technology and the military activities of that time. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the alloy composition, casting process, and chemical stability of these arrowheads in long-term burial environments. The bronze arrowheads that were found in the East Gate warehouse are the subject of this study. Metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to carefully examine their composition and microstructure, as well as the casting process characteristics. The findings reveal the following: (1) The East Gate bronze arrowheads primarily consist of copper-tin binary alloys, and certain samples exhibit a lead (Pb) content of up to 11.19%, potentially due to element addition during casting or element migration in the burial environment. (2) The metallographic structure shows that the sample matrix has a typical α-dendrite structure, indicating that a high-temperature casting process was used, and then a certain surface treatment was performed to enhance corrosion resistance. (3) Under a scanning electron microscope, it was observed that a three-layer structure was formed on the surface of the arrowhead, including a fully mineralized layer, an intermediate transition layer, and the original core tissue. (4) The detection of molybdenum (Mo) in some samples suggests a close relationship between the complexity of the buried soil environment and human activities. (5) By comparing the microstructure and corrosion degree of the longitudinal section and the cross-section, it was found that the longitudinal section has a stronger corrosion resistance due to its denser structure. Comprehensive analysis shows that the technical details of the bronze arrowheads unearthed from the Minyue Imperial City in terms of material selection, casting process, and later use reflect the outstanding achievements of the Minyue Kingdom in the field of bronze manufacturing in the Han Dynasty.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.