Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39859728›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Alkali-Activated Mineral Residues in Construction: Case Studies on Bauxite Residue and Steel Slag Pavement Tiles.

Lubica Kriskova, Vilma Ducman, Mojca Loncnar, Anže Tesovnik, Gorazd Žibret, Dimitra Skentzou, Christos Georgopoulos

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lubica KriskovaDepartment of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-2020-9197
Vilma DucmanSlovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0002-6430-3305
Mojca LoncnarSIJ Acroni d.o.o., Cesta Borisa Kidriča 44, 4270 Jesenice, Slovenia.
Anže TesovnikSlovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0009-0000-4803-6246
Gorazd ŽibretGeological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0002-9957-1895
Dimitra SkentzouSE&C IKE, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Christos GeorgopoulosEnalos Research and Development IKE, 15234 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0009-0006-0425-2418

Funding

EIT RAW MATERIALS 21107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate the potential of using alkali activation technology to valorize steel slag and bauxite residue for the production of high-performance pavement blocks. By utilizing these industrial by-products, the study seeks to reduce their environmental impact and support the development of sustainable construction materials. Lab-scale testing showed that bauxite pavers showed a decrease in mechanical strength with increasing replacement of ordinary Portland cement. Partial replacement up to 20% still exceeded 30 MPa in compressive strength. Steel slag-based pavers achieved the 30 MPa threshold required for the application with selected mix designs. Pilot-scale production-optimized formulations and standards testing, including freeze-thaw resistance, confirmed the technical viability of these products. Life cycle analysis indicated a 25-27% reduction in CO

Indexed as

alkali-activated materialsbauxite residuebuilding materialssteel slags

Identifiers

PMID39859728
PMCPMC11767172

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.