Biofilm Compositions and Bacterial Diversity on Kitchen Towels in Daily Use.

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yao ZhangSchool of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.ORCID 0009-0007-7605-4223

Kexin LiSchool of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Yibo RuSchool of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Yue MaSchool of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6981-0878

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32202205Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 22PJ1411600Shanghai Municipal Education Commission 22CGA55

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Towels with complex woven structures are susceptible to biofilm formation during daily use. The composition of biofilms formed on towels used under real-life conditions has yet to be studied. Thus, we investigated the color changes, structural integrity, and biofilm development on towels used continuously for 10 weeks by 12 volunteers in specific kitchen environments. Apparent biofilms composed of bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) were found on all used towels. The bacteria concentrations ranged from 4 to 7 log CFU/g. Proteins were the most abundant EPS, followed by polysaccharides and eDNA. A high-throughput sequencing method was employed to investigate the bacterial diversity on the towels. The predominant bacterial genera differed from towel to towel.

Indexed as

bacterial diversitybiofilmhigh-throughput sequencingtowel

Identifiers

PMID39858865

DOI10.3390/microorganisms13010097

PMCPMC11767729

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.