ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2025
Effect of Liquid Marble 3D Culture System on In Vitro Maturation and Embryo Development of Prepubertal Goat Oocytes.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Composite Liquid Marble Templated Millimetric Capsule With Tunable Rigidity, Porosity, and Thermal Reconfigurability Toward 3D Cell Culture.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Advanced three-dimensional culture technologies in reproductive medicine: A narrative review.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Suboptimal culture conditions during in vitro maturation (IVM) affect oocyte developmental competence and the viability of the resulting embryo. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide a more biologically appropriate environment compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquid marble (LM) microbioreactors as a 3D culture system on IVM and the subsequent embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered from prepubertal goat ovaries underwent IVM in drops under oil (the 2D system and the control group) and in the 3D LM system (the LM group). After IVM, oocytes were parthenogenetically activated and cultured until the blastocyst stage. The control and LM groups showed similar rates of nuclear maturation (52.17% and 44.12%) and blastocyst formation (10.64% and 10.10%). Reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels and the density of transzonal projections (TZPs) in oocytes did not differ between groups. The LM system increased mitochondrial activity and modified the organization of these organelles in the oocyte cytoplasm compared to the control group. The LM microbioreactor demonstrated the ability to improve the mitochondrial status of the oocytes and was not harmful for oocyte IVM and subsequent embryo development. Therefore, LM could be used as a 3D cost-effective culture system for the IVM of prepubertal goat oocytes.
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Registered trials
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