Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39857964›Full record

ReviewCancers2025

Very High-Energy Electron Therapy Toward Clinical Implementation.

Costanza Maria Vittoria Panaino, Simona Piccinini, Maria Grazia Andreassi, Gabriele Bandini, Andrea Borghini, Marzia Borgia, Angelo Di Naro, Luca Umberto Labate, Eleonora Maggiulli, Maurizio Giovanni Agostino Portaluri and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Costanza Maria Vittoria PanainoIntense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-3655-1591
Simona PiccininiIntense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-9490-0068
Maria Grazia AndreassiInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2163-0816
Gabriele BandiniIntense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6049-6026
Andrea BorghiniInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1061-8309
Marzia BorgiaASL Brindisi, Radiotherapy, 72100 Brindisi, Italy.
Angelo Di NaroASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Radiotherapy, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
Luca Umberto LabateIntense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Eleonora MaggiulliASL Brindisi, Medical Physics, 72100 Brindisi, Italy.
Maurizio Giovanni Agostino PortaluriASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Radiotherapy, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
Leonida Antonio GizziIntense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

Funding

EuPRAXIA Advanced Photon Sources - EuAPS CUP I93C21000160006, IR0000030NextGeneration EU Integrated Infrastructure Initiative in Photonic and Quantum Sciences - I-PHOQS CUP B53C22001750006, ID D2B8D520, IR0000016Program EuPRAXIA Preparatory Phase No. 101079773Tuscany Health Ecosystem - "THE" Spoke 1 - Advanced Radiotherapies and Diagnostics in Oncology, NextGenerationEU ECS_00000017, D.D. MUR No. 1055 23 May 2022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of very high energy electron (VHEE) beams, with energies between 50 and 400 MeV, has drawn considerable interest in radiotherapy due to their deep tissue penetration, sharp beam edges, and low sensitivity to tissue density. VHEE beams can be precisely steered with magnetic components, positioning VHEE therapy as a cost-effective option between photon and proton therapies. However, the clinical implementation of VHEE therapy (VHEET) requires advances in several areas: developing compact, stable, and efficient accelerators; creating sophisticated treatment planning software; and establishing clinically validated protocols. In addition, the perspective of VHEE to access ultra-high dose-rate regime presents a promising avenue for the practical integration of FLASH radiotherapy of deep tumors and metastases with VHEET (FLASH-VHEET), enhancing normal tissue sparing while maintaining the inherent dosimetric advantages of VHEET. However, FLASH-VHEET systems require validation of time-dependent dose parameters, thus introducing additional technological challenges. Here, we discuss recent progress in VHEET research, focusing on both conventional and FLASH modalities, and covering key aspects including dosimetric properties, radioprotection, accelerator technology, beam focusing, radiobiological effects, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we comprehensively analyze initial VHEET in silico studies on coverage across various tumor sites.

Indexed as

external beam radiotherapyFLASH radiotherapyVHEE

Identifiers

PMID39857964
PMCPMC11763822

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.