ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Development of the Radial Bow in Children: Normative Values.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correlation of Radial and Ulnar Shaft Bowing Using the 3D Central Line Method.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Restoration of Radial Bowing After Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing in Pediatric Forearm Fractures: The Importance of Bowing Location in Addition to Magnitude.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Comment on Kass et al. The Development of the Radial Bow in Children: Normative Values.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Plastic Deformation of the Pediatric Forearm: Recognition, Radiographic Measurement, and Management.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- Influence of elastic stable intramedullary nailing on fracture reduction of paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Elastic intramedullary nailing for recurrent radial fracture associated with persistent ulnar bowing deformity in a pediatric patient: a case report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effect of radial bowing on pronation and supination in pediatric forearm diaphyseal fractures: comparison of dominant and nondominant arms.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRadial bowing is necessary for forearm rotation. Fractures or deformities of the forearm that affect the radial bow may disrupt normal forearm rotation.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the development and establish normative values for the pediatric and adolescent radial bow.
methodsA retrospective review of radiographs from children aged 0-17 years with no previous history of an upper extremity fracture or condition was performed. Patient demographics, maximal radial bow location, and depth were recorded in millimeters and as percentages of the total radial length. The proximal, middle, and distal third radial bows were measured. Means and standard deviations were utilized to establish average measurements by age group. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed the relationship between radial bowing and age.
resultsA total of 505 forearm radiographs were measured. The average age of the patients was 10.0 years (SD: 5.2). The maximal radial bow location remained consistent with age, with a mean value of 61.7%. The maximal radial bow depth marginally decreased with age, with a mean value of 7.7%. The proximal, middle, and distal third maximal radial bows (measured in millimeters) increased with age.
conclusionsThe maximal radial bow depth marginally decreases with increasing age, while the location of the maximal radial bow remains consistent as age increases. These measurements may be used to assess fracture reduction to ensure proper restoration of the radial bow during fracture and congenital condition treatment. Furthermore, they can aid in the detection of subtle fractures of the radius, including plastic deformations and greenstick fractures.
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