ArticleBiomedicines2025
Inflammatory Markers and Severity in COVID-19 Patients with Clostridioides Difficile Co-Infection: A Retrospective Analysis Including Subgroups with Diabetes, Cancer, and Elderly.
Article in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients withAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Risk of Diabetes and Prediabetes Two Years Post-COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
- Article
- The Effect of Naturally Acquired Immunity on Mortality Predictors: A Focus on Individuals with New Coronavirus.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe interplay of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and
methodsWe conducted a retrospective, single-center study of 240 hospitalized adults with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 between February 2021 and March 2023. Of these, 98 had concurrent CDI. We collected baseline demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters including C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, albumin, platelet counts, and calculated indices (C-reactive protein to Albumin Ratio (CAR), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), SII). Patients were stratified by CDI status and analyzed for inflammatory marker distributions, severity scores (APACHE II, CURB-65, NEWS), and outcomes (Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, mortality). Subgroup analyses included diabetes, elderly (≥65 years), and cancer patients. Statistical comparisons employed
resultsPatients with CDI demonstrated significantly higher CRP, IL-6, SII, and CAR, coupled with lower albumin and PNI (
conclusionsConcurrent CDI intensifies systemic inflammation and adverse clinical trajectories in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Elevations in inflammatory markers and severity scores predict worse outcomes, especially in high-risk subgroups. Early recognition and targeted interventions, including infection control and supportive measures, may attenuate disease severity and improve patient survival.
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