ReviewBiomedicines2024
Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Editorial of Special Issue "Molecular Research and Recent Advances in Diabetic Retinopathy: Second Edition".Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Vitamin D supplementation in diabetic retinopathy: an optical coherence tomography angiography study of changes in macular perfusion.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Synergistic Association of Glycemic Variability and Severe Vitamin D Deficiency with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- 25-(OH)D Deficiency and the Risk of Minor Amputation in Patients with Diabetes Foot Ulcers: A Chinese Cohort Study.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- The Role of Vitamin D in Retinal Physiology.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyReview
- Protective Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in a Type 1 Diabetes Premenopausal Woman: A Case Report from the region of Dobrogea, Romania.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a significant microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), remains a major cause of vision loss worldwide. Vitamin D, recognized for its role in bone health, has also been implicated in various non-skeletal conditions, including DR. This systematic review analyzed data from 20 studies involving 22,408 participants to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and DR. Studies were included based on strict eligibility criteria, ensuring they could distinctly classify participants into DR and non-DR groups and provide quantitative measurements of vitamin D levels. Of these, nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between lower vitamin D levels and increased odds of DR, with a combined odds ratio (OR) of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10-1.20) under the fixed-effects model and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.27) under the random-effects model. Mean serum vitamin D levels were lower in individuals with DR (18.11 ± 5.35 ng/mL) compared to those without DR (19.71 ± 7.44 ng/mL), with a progressive decline observed across DR severity stages. Subgroup analyses showed significantly lower levels of vitamin D in proliferative DR compared to non-proliferative stages. Heterogeneity (I
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.