Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39856647›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2025

Incidence and risk factors for clinical omphalitis among neonates in Eastern Uganda using chlorhexidine gel for cord care: a community-cohort study.

John Wogabaga, Kathy Burgoine, Abel Kakuru, Brendah Nambozo, Martin Chebet, Josephine Tumuhamye, Benon Wanume, Faith Oguttu, Milton W Musaba, Agnes Napyo and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

John WogabagaDepartment of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
Kathy Burgoine *Department of Pediatrics, Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Mbale, Uganda.
Abel Kakuru *Department of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
Brendah NambozoDepartment of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda. 262nbrendah@gmail.com.
Martin ChebetDepartment of Research, Sanyu Africa Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda.
Josephine TumuhamyeMakerere University Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Benon WanumeDepartment of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
Faith OguttuDepartment of Research, Sanyu Africa Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda.
Milton W MusabaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
Agnes NapyoDepartment of Nursing Sciences, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda.
Solomon WaniDepartment of Research, Sanyu Africa Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda.
Peter Olupot-OlupotMbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda.
Andrew D WeeksSanyu Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
Thorkild TylleskärCentre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
David MukunyaDepartment of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.

Funding

EDCTP2 program supported by the European Union RIA2017MC-2029 - BabyGel
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOmphalitis is a bacterial infection of the umbilicus and/or surrounding tissues, occurring primarily in the neonatal period. Whereas it is known to be a major route of localized and often systemic infection, studies describing incidence and risk factors remain scanty, especially in resource limited settings where the condition is thought to be common. We assessed the incidence and risk factors for omphalitis among neonates born to women who received a birth kit containing chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care after birth in Eastern Uganda. TRIAL REGISTRATION FOR THE PARENT STUDY: The BabyGel trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry -(PACTR202004705649428 Registered 1 April 2020, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/ ).

methodsWe conducted a community-based cohort study between January 2021 and June 2023. This study was nested within the BabyGel trial. Our outcome of interest was clinical omphalitis, defined as purulent discharge from the umbilical cord stump within the first twenty-eight days of life as witnessed by a study midwife. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17.0. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of selected exposures and time to omphalitis.

resultsA total of 2052 neonates were enrolled; half of which were female (51.1%). The incidence of omphalitis was 3.0% (62/2052; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9%, 4.4%). The incidence rate of omphalitis was 1.6 cases per 1000 person days (95% CI: 1.1, 2.3). Neonates born at home were twice as likely to develop omphalitis as those born in a health facility (adjusted hazards ratio (AHR) 1.99; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.9).

conclusionThe incidence of omphalitis among neonates in Eastern Uganda was low. Home births carried twice the risk for omphalitis. Use of chlorhexidine coupled with close follow-up of neonates in the community by health workers and community health workers might have reduced the risk of omphalitis.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective Agents, LocalChlorhexidineUmbilical CordUmbilicusCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornMalePregnancyRisk FactorsUgandaAnti-Infective Agents, LocalChlorhexidineBabyGelChlorhexidineLow-resource settingNeonatal sepsisNeonateNewbornOmphalitis

Identifiers

PMID39856647
PMCPMC11760671

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.