ArticleBehavior research methods2025
The fundamentals of eye tracking part 2: From research question to operationalization.
Article in Behavior research methods, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Relative Accuracy of Different Methods for Measuring Mind Wandering Subtypes: A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Visual Harmony and Complexity Shape Subjective Judgments More than Detectable Overt Attention: Evidence from Eye-Tracking and Facial Coding.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of Exhibit Text Presentation Types on Visual Attention Patterns and Cognitive Load in Digital Museums: An Eye-Tracking Study.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- Multimodal EEG and Eye-Tracking Assessment of Perceived Mental Workload and Situation Awareness in a Visual Display Terminal Simulation Task.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Structural Coupling Between Shannon Entropy and Dwell-Time Entropy Across Emotional and Safety-Critical Visual Tasks.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking, Part 7: Determining data quality.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Eye-Tracked Visual Attention to Anthropomorphic Appearance and Empathic Responses in AI Medical Conversational Agents: Dissociating Trust Gains from Attentional Synergy.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- GazePlotter: An open-source solution for the automatic generation of scarf plots from eye-tracking data.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 6: Working with areas of interest.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Introducing the kollaR package: A user-friendly open-access solution for eye-tracking analysis and visualization.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 5: The importance of piloting.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 3: How to choose an eye tracker.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 4: Tools for conducting an eye tracking study.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Applying mobile eye tracking to measure real-time engagement and enhance informal learning at environmental exhibits.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 1: The link between theory and research question.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this article, we discuss operationalizations and examples of experimental design in eye-tracking research. First, we distinguish direct operationalization for entities like saccades, which are closely aligned with their original concepts, and indirect operationalization for concepts not directly measurable, such as attention or mind-wandering. The latter relies on selecting a measurable proxy. Second, we highlight the variability in algorithmic operationalizations and emphasize that changing parameters can affect outcome measures. Transparency in reporting these parameters and algorithms is crucial for comparisons across studies. Third, we provide references to studies for common operationalizations in eye-tracking research and discuss key operationalizations in reading research. Fourth, the IO-model is introduced as a tool to help researchers operationalize difficult concepts. Finally, we present three example experiments with useful methods for eye-tracking research, encouraging readers to consider these examples for inspiration in their own experiments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.