Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39856345›Full record

ReviewCurrent HIV/AIDS reports2025

Antimicrobial Resistance in Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Lorenzo Giacani, Catriona S Bradshaw, Christina A Muzny, Keonte J Graves, Shivani Pasricha, Stephen J Jordan, Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Pyocyanin reversibly inhibitsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lorenzo GiacaniDepartment of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Catriona S BradshawMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Christina A MuznyDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Keonte J GravesDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Shivani PasrichaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Stephen J JordanDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Lao-Tzu Allan-BlitzDivision of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. lallan-blitz@mgb.org.

Funding

traThe influence of rectal Chlamydia trachomatis infections on immunity and incident urogenital infections in women without an indication forrectal screeningR01AI176999 · NIAID · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Stephen J. Jordan · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
The natural history of C. trachomatis urethral infections in men who have sex with womenR01AI177002 · NIAID · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Stephen J. Jordan, David Emmet Nelson · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
Investigating Syphilis Pathogenesis Through Genetic Engineering of Treponema pallidumR56AI175016 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GIACANI, LORENZO · 2024 to 2024
$772k
The development & pilot implementation of a CRISPR-based low-cost point-of-care assay for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae and molecular markers of antimicrobial resistance in resource-limited settingsK23AI182453 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz · 2024 to 2026
$585k
Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub Grant IH190100021National Health and Medical Research Council APP1173361National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,United States K23AI182453National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,United States R01AI176999National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,United States R56AI175016National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,United States, R01AI177002NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI182453NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI176999NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI177002NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI175016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewAntimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has become an urgent global public health threat, raising the specter of untreatable infections. This review summarizes the determinants of resistance among the five most common curable STIs Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Treponema pallidum, and Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as strategies to mitigate the spread of resistance. RECENT

findingsGenetic mutations are key drivers of resistance for N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium. Resistance in T. vaginalis can also occur because of genetic mutations, yet differential regulation of genes critical in antibiotic metabolism as well as co-infection with organisms that inactivate therapy play important roles. While resistance in C. trachomatis and T. pallidum has not been a substantial clinical concern, resistance selection via the continued widespread use of antimicrobials remains possible. While resistance determinants are diverse and differ by pathogen, the strategies required to mitigate the continued emergence of resistance are similar: prevention of infection and treatment diversification. Underpinning those strategies, surveillance remains essential for monitoring and responding to the threat of drug-resistant infections.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialSexually Transmitted DiseasesChlamydia trachomatisGonorrheaHumansMycoplasma genitaliumNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTreponema pallidumTrichomonas vaginalisAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial resistanceChlamydia trachomatisMycoplasma genitaliumNeisseria gonorrhoeaeSexually transmitted infectionsTreponema pallidumTrichomonas vaginalis

Identifiers

PMID39856345
PMCPMC11995306

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.