Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39856194›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of depression in U.S. adults: evidence from NHANES.

Yun Jiang, Wusheng Deng, Mei Zhao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Incidence and Risk Factors for New-onset Depression After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Cognition in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Obstacles and Challenges?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yun JiangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China.
Wusheng DengDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Mei ZhaoSchool of medicine, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China. zhaomei0228@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological characteristics of depression among adults in the U.S. remains unclear. This study aims to analyze trends in depression prevalence over time and quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on its prevalence. Using data from 2007 to 2023 provided by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), this study examined 36,472 participants. Results revealed an increasing trend in depression prevalence among U.S. adults from 2007 to 2023. Notably, the overall weighted prevalence of depression following the COVID-19 pandemic (12.4%, 95% CI: 10.6-14.1%) was significantly higher than in all years prior to the pandemic. Subgroups such as females, Mexican Americans, and young adults experienced particularly pronounced increases. By analyzing data from two survey cycles close to the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, the study identified a significant impact of the pandemic on depression prevalence, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.28-1.94). Individuals with lower socioeconomic status and those without pre-existing conditions exhibited greater increases in depression prevalence, whereas the emotional health of individuals who smoke appeared unaffected by the pandemic.

Indexed as

COVID-19DepressionAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPandemicsPrevalenceSARS-CoV-2United StatesYoung AdultCOVID-19DepressionInfluencePrevalence

Identifiers

PMID39856194
PMCPMC11759678

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.