Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39856088›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Bamboo-inspired ultra-strong nanofiber-reinforced composite hydrogels.

Hao Zhuo, Xinyu Dong, Quyang Liu, Lingyi Hong, Zhaolong Zhang, Shuchang Long, Wei Zhai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Liquid-Responsive Shape-Memory Nanofiber-Reinforced Scaffolds for Cartilage Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
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  6. Impact-Resistant Hydrogels Via Quaternary Ammonium-Regulated Networks.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Architected Inverse Nacre Hydrogels With High Strength and Crack-Insensitive Toughness.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hao Zhuo *Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9063-6878
Xinyu Dong *Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Quyang LiuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Lingyi HongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Zhaolong ZhangDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
Shuchang LongDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
Wei ZhaiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. mpezwei@nus.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-5243

Funding

Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) M22K5a0045
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological materials, such as bamboo, are naturally optimized composites with exceptional mechanical properties. Inspired by such natural composites, traditional methods involve extracting nanofibers from natural sources and applying them in composite materials, which, however, often results in less ideal mechanical properties. To address this, this study develops a bottom-up nanofiber assembly strategy to create strong fiber-reinforced composite hydrogels inspired by the hierarchical assembly of bamboo. Self-assembled chitosan-sodium alginate nanofibers (CSNFs) are combined with tannic acid (TA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the interfacial crosslinker and hydrogel matrix, respectively, to emulate the fundamental cellulose-lignin-hemicellulose composition unit of bamboo. Strong interfacial electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding form between the functional groups of these components. These molecular interactions can be further reinforced by constructing higher-order structure through stretch-induced orientation. The resulting composite hydrogel achieves good mechanical performance, including a high tensile strength of up to 60.2 MPa and a simultaneous high strength of 48.0 MPa and ultimate strain of 470%. This approach demonstrates a hierarchical bottom-up strategy to construct strong and robust composite hydrogels by effectively leveraging fundamental molecular interactions. By mimicking bamboo's highly integrated structural composition, it offers a promising solution for creating advanced bioinspired materials with excellent mechanical properties.

Identifiers

PMID39856088
PMCPMC11761455

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.