Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39854330›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Heart rate variability is more sensitive to stress than heart rate in specialist police undergoing selection.

Colin Tomes, Ben Schram, Elisa Canetti, Robin Orr

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. The Fundamental Frequency of Voice as a Potential Stress Biomarker: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Colin TomesFaculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5780-1587
Ben SchramTactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
Elisa CanettiTactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
Robin OrrTactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Police tactical group (PTG) officers respond to the most demanding and high-risk police situations. As such, PTG personnel require exceptional physical fitness, and selection for employment often evaluates fitness both directly and indirectly. While heart rate (HR) is often used to measure physical effort, heart rate variability (HRV) may be a valuable tool for measuring stress holistically. The primary aim of this research was to investigate whether HRV was more sensitive than HR at monitoring workload during key PTG selection activities. As aerobic fitness is associated with workload during these tasks, a secondary aim was to investigate relationships between HRV, HR and aerobic fitness during the same tasks. The relationships between HRV (percentage of adjacent R-R intervals varying by 50% or more; pRR50%) and HR, as measured by ambulatory electrocardiograms obtained during a specialist police selection course, as well as aerobic fitness, as determined via total shuttles completed on the 20-meter multistage fitness test (MSFT; 'beep test'), were investigated. This study included a cohort of six male PTG candidates (n = 6) undergoing selection. As illustrated by a time-series plot, HR values were generally unremarkable, but HRV values were potentially depressed, and tentatively indicated overstress when count data from consecutive short-term analyses were derived. The MSFT was significantly, positively, correlated with pRR50% (ρ (6) = 0.812, p = 0.050, Fisher's z = 1.132). The MSFT and nonlinear HRV, frequency domain HRV, and HR were not significantly correlated. When assessed by linear regression, neither HRV nor HR were predicted by MSFT score. These findings indicate that HR alone is likely not sufficiently sensitive to provide detail on the stress response of candidates undertaking essential tactical tasks that combine physical stressors with cognitive load in adverse conditions. HRV analysis may provide additional insights regarding candidate suitability, particularly during dynamic and multifaceted assessments, though the causal direction of the relationship between HRV and aerobic fitness remains unclear.

Indexed as

Heart RateOccupational StressPoliceStress, PhysiologicalAdultElectrocardiographyExercise TestHumansMalePhysical Fitness

Identifiers

PMID39854330
PMCPMC11760612

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.