Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39853552›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine - open2025

Feasibility and Safety of Field-Based Physical Fitness Tests: A Systematic Review.

Carolina Cruz-León, Pablo Expósito-Carrillo, Sandra Sánchez-Parente, José Jiménez-Iglesias, Milkana Borges-Cosic, Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia, José Castro-Piñero

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine - open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carolina Cruz-LeónGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-5693
Pablo Expósito-CarrilloGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-1545
Sandra Sánchez-ParenteGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-6577
José Jiménez-IglesiasGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Milkana Borges-CosicGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-9387
Magdalena Cuenca-GarciaGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. magdalena.cuenca@uca.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-9253
José Castro-PiñeroGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-0382

Funding

Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation DEP2017-88043-RSpanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation FPU 19/02961Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation FPU 2020/02938
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile there is evidence on the validity and reliability of field-based physical fitness tests in children, adolescents and adults, there is limited evidence to provide feasibility and safety data on the application and performance of the existing field-based physical fitness tests.

objectives(i) To examine the feasibility and safety of existing field-based physical fitness tests used in people of all ages and (ii) to establish a comprehensive view of criterion-related validity, reliability, feasibility and safety based on scientific evidence for the existing field-based physical fitness tests in adults.

methodsThe search was conducted through the electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) for published studies from inception to 31 January 2023. This systematic review was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were classified as very low quality, low quality or high quality, based on the criteria of appropriate number of participants, appropriate description of the study population, and appropriate number of items reported to assess feasibility/safety. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited or inconclusive evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings.

resultsWe identified a total of 19 (14 of high quality) and 13 (11 high quality) original studies examining the feasibility and safety of field-based physical fitness tests, respectively. Strong evidence indicated that (a) the 2-km walk and 20-m shuttle run tests were feasible in adults and, children and adolescents, respectively; (b) the handgrip strength test was feasible in children and adolescents; and (c) the standing long jump test was feasible in children and adolescents. Only the 2-km walk test has shown strong evidence on safety in adults. Finally, combining the levels of evidence of criterion-related validity, reliability, feasibility and safety in adults, all the field-based physical fitness tests show limited evidence.

conclusionThere is a need for more studies and consensus to establish homogeneous methodological criteria to assess the feasibility and safety of field-based fitness tests. The combined evidence on criterion-related validity, reliability, feasibility and safety of field-based tests was found to be limited in adults. PROSPERO reference number CRD42022298276.

Indexed as

Cardiorespiratory fitnessFeasibilityFitness testMotor fitnessMuscular strengthSafety

Identifiers

PMID39853552
PMCPMC11759754

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.