Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39852696›Full record

ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications.

Jun Song, Minghao Kang, Shujian Ji, Shuai Ye, Jiaqing Guo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jun SongState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2321-7064
Minghao KangState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Shujian JiState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Shuai YeState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9862-4983
Jiaqing GuoState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

Funding

Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation 2023A1515011114/ 2024A1515011800Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of ShenZhen University 2023YG012National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFF0502900National Natural Science Foundation of China 62175161 /61835009/62127819/62405201Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics ZDSYS20210623092006020Shenzhen Science and Technology Program JCYJ20210324095810028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fluorescent carbon dots, especially red/near-infrared-emitting CDs, are becoming increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. This article reviews the synthesis, fluorescence mechanisms, and biological applications of R/NIR-CDs, emphasizing the importance of carbon source and solvent selection in controlling their optical properties. The formation process of CDs is classified, and the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs are summarized, involving carbon core states, surface states, molecular states, and cross-linking enhanced emission effects. This article also highlights the applications of R/NIR-CDs in bioimaging, biosensing, phototherapy, and drug delivery. The final section discusses challenges and prospects.

Indexed as

biological applicationsfluorescence mechanismsoptical propertiesR/NIR-CDssynthesis

Identifiers

PMID39852696
PMCPMC11767825

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.