Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39852565›Full record

ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2025

Study of the Interplay Among Melt Morphology, Rheology and 3D Printability of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) Blends.

Marco Costantini, Flavio Cognini, Roberta Angelini, Sara Alfano, Marianna Villano, Andrea Martinelli, David Bolzonella, Marco Rossi, Andrea Barbetta

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Advanced Technologies for Processing Functional Biomaterials.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marco CostantiniInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2756-5872
Flavio CogniniDepartment of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4385-376X
Roberta AngeliniInstitute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7309-9919
Sara AlfanoDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8460-800X
Marianna VillanoDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4517-1148
Andrea MartinelliDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6401-9988
David BolzonellaDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Via Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3240-7417
Marco RossiDepartment of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7603-1805
Andrea BarbettaDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Funding

Lazio Region Advanced Tomography and MicroscopiesSapienza University of Rome 2021-SEED PNRSapienza University of Rome RG120172B794BC2D
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polymeric materials made from renewable sources that can biodegrade in the environment are attracting considerable attention as substitutes for petroleum-based polymers in many fields, including additive manufacturing and, in particular, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Among the others, poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) hold significant potential as candidates for FDM since they meet the sustainability and biodegradability standards mentioned above. However, the most utilised PHA, consisting of the poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) homopolymer, has a high degree of crystallinity and low thermal stability near the melting point. As a result, its application in FDM has not yet attained mainstream adoption. Introducing a monomer with higher excluded volume, such as hydroxyvalerate, in the PHB primary structure, as in poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) copolymers, reduces the degree of crystallinity and the melting temperature, hence improving the PHA printability. Blending amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with PHBV enhances further PHA printability via FDM. In this work, we investigated the printability of two blends characterised by different PLA and PHBV weight ratios (25:75 and 50:50), revealing the close connection between blend microstructures, melt rheology and 3D printability. For instance, the relaxation time associated with die swelling upon extrusion determines the diameter of the extruded filament, while the viscoelastic properties the range of extrusion speed available. Through thoroughly screening printing parameters such as deposition speed, nozzle diameter, flow percentage and deposition platform temperature, we determined the optimal printing conditions for the two PLA/PHBV blends. It turned out that the blend with a 50:50 weight ratio could be printed faster and with higher accuracy. Such a conclusion was validated by replicating with remarkable fidelity high-complexity objects, such as a patient's cancer-affected iliac crest model.

Indexed as

fused deposition modellingpoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)polylactic acidpolymer blendsrheology of polymer melts

Identifiers

PMID39852565
PMCPMC11766440

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.