Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39852411›Full record

ArticleJournal of Intelligence2024

Mental Rotation Performance: Contribution of Item Features to Difficulties and Functional Adaptation.

Mehdi Rajeb, Andrew T Krist, Qingzhou Shi, Daniel O Oyeniran, Stefanie A Wind, Joni M Lakin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Intelligence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Stimulus-specific influence of gender on mental-rotation-related brain activity.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mehdi RajebDepartment of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Andrew T KristDepartment of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-6278-7421
Qingzhou ShiDepartment of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0230-4617
Daniel O OyeniranDepartment of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3388-2113
Stefanie A WindDepartment of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1599-375X
Joni M LakinDepartment of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0546-0554

Funding

U.S. Department of Education R305A210428
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mental rotation is an important aspect of spatial ability. While the importance of measuring mental rotation has been explored, disputes still exist within the literature surrounding sources of item difficulty in mental rotation tests (MRTs). Furthermore, gender differences in MRT performance are often seen but not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed sources of item difficulty in a set of spatial ability test items using the Linear Logistic Test Model (LLTM). We found that items with more cubes, color differences, and higher rotational complexity tend to be more difficult, whereas items that contain occlusion, a mirrored structure, and a homogenous configuration type tend to be easier. Next, using Differential Component Functioning (DCF) analysis, we analyzed gender differences across these different item characteristics, finding that the number of cubes and color characteristics made questions more difficult for males when compared to females. The results and implications of this study are discussed in further detail.

Indexed as

item characteristicsLLTMmental rotation testRasch modelspatial ability

Identifiers

PMID39852411
PMCPMC11765874

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.