ReviewJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2024
Papillary Muscles of the Left Ventricle: Integrating Electrical and Mechanical Dynamics.
Review in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temporal coupling between papillary muscle strain and left ventricular untwisting during diastole.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- Long-duration human spaceflight induces atrophy in the left ventricular papillary muscles.NPJ microgravity · 2025Article
- R-wave amplitude changes in lead aVL predict outcomes in cardiac resynchronization therapy: Exploring the role of papillary muscle dyssynchrony and mitral regurgitation.Heart rhythm O2 · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPapillary muscles are structures integrated into the mitral valve apparatus, having both electrical and mechanical roles. The importance of the papillary muscles (PM) is mainly related to cardiac arrhythmias and mitral regurgitation. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the papillary muscles, along with their involvement in cardiovascular pathologies, including arrhythmia development in various conditions and their contribution to secondary mitral regurgitation.
methodsA literature search was performed on PubMed using the following relevant keywords: papillary muscles, mitral valve, arrhythmia, anatomy, and physiology.
resultsDuring the cardiac cycle, papillary muscles have continuous dimensional and pressure changes. On one hand, their synchrony or dyssynchrony impacts the process of mitral valve opening and closure, and on the other hand, the pressure changes can trigger electrical instability. There is increased awareness of papillary muscles as an arrhythmic source. Arrhythmias arising from PM were found in patients with or without structural heart disease, via Purkinje fibres, due to increased automaticity or triggered activity.
conclusionsDespite the interest in mitral valve physiology, there are still many unknowns in relation to the papillary muscles, especially with regard to their role in arrhythmogenesis and the pathogenesis of mitral regurgitation.
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