Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39852064›Full record

ArticleBiosensors2025

Stress Monitoring in Pandemic Screening: Insights from GSR Sensor and Machine Learning Analysis.

Antonios Georgas, Anna Panagiotakopoulou, Grigorios Bitsikas, Katerina Vlantoni, Angelo Ferraro, Evangelos Hristoforou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biosensors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Antonios GeorgasLaboratory of Electronic Sensors, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.
Anna PanagiotakopoulouLaboratory of Electronic Sensors, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0009-0006-0957-6331
Grigorios BitsikasLaboratory of Electronic Sensors, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.
Katerina VlantoniDepartment of History and Philosophy of Science, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Angelo FerraroLaboratory of Electronic Sensors, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-2044-7569
Evangelos HristoforouLaboratory of Electronic Sensors, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1895-6417

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of patient stress on COVID-19 screening. An attempt was made to measure the level of anxiety of individuals undertaking rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2. To this end, a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor that was connected to a microcontroller was used to record the individual stress levels. GSR data were collected from 51 individuals at SARS-CoV-2 testing sites. The recorded data were then compared with theoretical estimates to draw insights into stress patterns. Machine learning analysis was applied for the optimization of the sensor results. Classification algorithms allowed the automatic reading of the sensor results and individual identification as "stressed" or "not stressed". The findings confirmed the initial hypothesis that there was a significant increase in stress levels during the rapid test. This observation is critical, as heightened anxiety may influence a patient's willingness to participate in screening procedures, potentially reducing the effectiveness of public health screening strategies.

Indexed as

COVID-19Galvanic Skin ResponseMachine LearningStress, PsychologicalAdultAnxietyBiosensing TechniquesFemaleHumansMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedPandemicsSARS-CoV-2biosensorsclassification algorithmsCOVID-19 screeninggalvanic skin response (GSR)machine learning analysisphysiological stress indicatorsstress monitoring

Identifiers

PMID39852064
PMCPMC11764303

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.