Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39852003›Full record

ReviewGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications.

Rizwan Ul Hassan, Naseem Abbas, Jongkuk Ko

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rizwan Ul HassanSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea.
Naseem AbbasDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-1340-1615
Jongkuk KoSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea.

Funding

Gachon University none
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

New production technologies have transformed modern engineering fields, including electronics, mechanics, robotics, and biomedicine. These advancements have led to the creation of smart materials such as alloys, polymers, and gels that respond to various stimuli. This review focuses on smart materials (SMs), including their variety and fabrication techniques, that can be used to construct three- or four-dimensional structures. The mechanisms and designs of smart materials, limitations of current printing technologies, and perspectives for their future uses are also discussed in this review. The printed smart materials are expected to have a major impact on the design of real-world applications.

Indexed as

fabrication techniquesintelligent structuressmart materials

Identifiers

PMID39852003
PMCPMC11765241

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.