ArticleCells2025
Natural Killer Cell-Secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α Mediated Differentiation in Lung Stem-like Tumors, Leading to the Susceptibility of the Tumors to Chemotherapeutic Drugs.
Article in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Natural killer cell dysfunction in glioma: from immune evasion to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Supercharged NK cells: a unique population of NK cells capable of differentiating stem cells and lysis of MHC class I high differentiated tumors.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Tryptophan metabolism at the crossroads of the neuro-immuno-microbial axis: implications for precision medicine in chronic diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells induce a higher cytotoxicity against lung cancer stem-like cells (hA549) compared to differentiated lung cancer cell lines (H292). The supernatants from split-anergized NK cells (IL-2 and anti-CD16 mAb-treated NK cells) induced differentiation in hA549. Differentiated lung cancer cell line (H292) and NK cells differentiated hA549 expressed reduced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity but expressed higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. This finding validated our previous reports demonstrating that the levels of tumor killing by NK cells and by chemotherapeutic drugs correlate directly and indirectly, respectively, with the stage and levels of tumor differentiation. We also demonstrate the role of IFN-γ and TNF-α in inducing tumor differentiation. NK cells' supernatants or IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced tumor differentiation was blocked when we used antibodies against IFN-γ and TNF-α. Therefore, IFN-γ and TNF-α released from NK cells play a significant role in differentiating tumors, resulting in increased susceptibility of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs. We also observed the different effects of MHC-class I antibodies in CSCs vs. differentiated tumors. Treatment with anti-MHC-class I decreased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in hA549 tumors, whereas it increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity when differentiated tumors were treated with antibodies against MHC-class I.
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Registered trials
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