Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39851441›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2025

Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus.

Magdalena Grzonkowska, Katarzyna Bogacz, Andrzej Żytkowski, Monika Szkultecka-Dębek, Michał Kułakowski, Michał Janiak, Agnieszka Rogalska, Mariusz Baumgart

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Article in Brain sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Magdalena GrzonkowskaDepartment of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6894-5380
Katarzyna BogaczPhysiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland.
Andrzej ŻytkowskiDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Social Sciences in Lodz, 90-113 Lodz, Poland.
Monika Szkultecka-DębekFaculty of Medicine, University of Social Sciences in Lodz, 90-113 Lodz, Poland.
Michał KułakowskiClinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jan Biziel University Hospital nr 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Michał JaniakClinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jan Biziel University Hospital nr 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Agnieszka RogalskaClinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jan Biziel University Hospital nr 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.ORCID 0009-0004-2983-468X
Mariusz BaumgartDepartment of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the growth dynamics of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center in the human fetus, based on their linear, planar, and volumetric parameters.

methodsThe examinations were carried out on 54 human fetuses of both sexes (26 males and 28 females) aged 18-30 weeks of gestation, which had been preserved in 10% neutral formalin solution. Using CT, digital image analysis software, 3D reconstruction, and statistical methods, the size of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center was evaluated.

resultsThe first sacral vertebra and its ossification center grew proportionately according to fetal weeks.

conclusionsThe numerical data obtained from computed tomography and the growth patterns of the body of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center may serve as age-specific normative intervals relevant for gynecologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, and radiologists during fetal ultrasound screening. Our findings on the growth of the body of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center may be useful in daily clinical practice, particularly in ultrasonic monitoring of normal fetal growth and in screening for congenital defects and skeletal dysplasias.

Indexed as

fetusossification centervertebral body

Identifiers

PMID39851441
PMCPMC11763589

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