ArticleHeliyon2025
Effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on pain after episiotomy. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Episiotomy is a surgical intervention performed during the second stage of labor to facilitate the baby's exit through the birth canal. There are different reasons that lead Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis about the effects of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on pain after episiotomy. Methods: The databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Cinhal, PEDro and Web of Science were consulted using the terms "Episiotomy" and "Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation". The methodological quality was analyzed with the PEDro scale. A random-effects model was used to carry out the meta-analysis. Findings: 88 studies were obtained and after applying the selection criteria, 6 were included in the systematic review and 5 in the meta-analysis. There were significant positive effects in decreasing the pain for TENS in comparison with pre-intervention (SMD = 1.19 [95 % CI - 0.33 to 2.05]; p < 0.01; I2 = 96 %), control group (SMD = -1.07 [95 % CI - -1.53 to -0.6]; p < 0.01; I2 = 82 %) and placebo group (SMD = -1.33 [95 % CI - -2.32 to -0.34]; p < 0.01; I2 = 86 %). Conclusion: TENS appears to have a positive effect in reducing pain after 1 h of an episiotomy. The location of the electrodes does not seem to be relevant in the effects.
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