Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39850224›Full record

ArticleIranian journal of otorhinolaryngology2025

Correlation Between Indoxyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Olfactory Dysfunction.

Irnanda-Warda-Rizki Nasution, Tengku-Siti-Hajar Haryuna, Delfitri Munir, Syafrizal Nasution, Putri-Chairani Eyanoer, Siti Nursiah, Ramlan Sitompul

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Article in Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Irnanda-Warda-Rizki NasutionDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
Tengku-Siti-Hajar HaryunaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
Delfitri MunirDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
Syafrizal NasutionDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan 20155, INDONESIA.
Putri-Chairani EyanoerDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
Siti NursiahDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
Ramlan SitompulDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is prevalent among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with prevalence escalating alongside disease severity. The uremic toxin we observed in this study is Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a potent uremic toxin that markedly accumulates in the plasma of patients with chronic insufficiency. Olfactory damage may occur in the setting of neuronal damage due to renal failure. Materials and Methods: 27 patients, a total sample in this study with diagnosed chronic kidney disease within stage 5 on regular hemodialysis, were examined for indoxyl sulfate levels in blood plasma and then examined for their olfactory function using the Sniffin' Sticks test. A correlation analysis was conducted between indoxyl sulfate levels and olfactory function test results in patients with CKD. Results: The Pearson correlation test revealed a strong, significant negative correlation between indoxyl sulfate levels and olfactory function (r = -0.613; p = 0.001). Additionally, correlations were found between indoxyl sulfate levels and each component of olfactory function: threshold value (r = -0.408; p = 0.035), discrimination (r = -0.807; p = 0.001), and identification (r = -0.703; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Olfactory function is compromised in individuals with chronic renal disease and correlates with the level of accumulation of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate.

Indexed as

Chronic kidney diseaseIndoxyl sulfateOlfactory dysfunctionSniffin’ stick test

Identifiers

PMID39850224
PMCPMC11750640

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