ArticleAnnals of botany2026
Monitoring genetic diversity of Torminalis glaberrima for resilient forests in the face of population fragmentation.
Article in Annals of botany, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The FORGENIUS Genomic Resources: New Genotyping Tools and Genomic Data for 23 Forest Tree Species and Their Genetic Conservation Units.Molecular ecology resources · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsTorminalis glaberrima is a European tree species currently underutilized in forestry, valued for its high-quality wood and contribution to ecosystem stability. Despite a projected range expansion as climate change progresses, current population fragmentation levels may inhibit the species' ability to migrate and stabilize fragile forest ecosystems. To investigate the relationship between structural and functional connectivity, we surveyed the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and gene flow of T. glaberrima across Austria, to understand which populations should be given conservation priority.
methodsOur sampling encompasses 21 natural and planted populations and 910 individuals of T. glaberrima covering the species' distribution in Austria. We estimated genetic diversity indices, the extent of gene dispersal, and conducted SPAGeDi and STRUCTURE analyses and discriminant analysis of principal components using one chloroplast minisatellite and eight nuclear microsatellite markers. KEY
resultsDespite a highly fragmented distribution of T. glaberrima in the southern, western and central parts of its range in Austria, we found high genetic diversity and low population differentiation and inbreeding, and estimated higher gene dispersal values than previous studies. Population structure analyses identified two main regions of genetic ancestry in the north-western and south-eastern part of the species' range in Austria and evidence for the usage of foreign genetic material in two planted populations.
conclusionsOnly two of the established ex situ plantations and seed orchards appear to well represent the fine-scale population structure present in Austria, and existing in situ gene conservation units (GCUs) are insufficient to conserve the current natural genetic diversity. We suggest the establishment of further in situ GCUs to maximize the conservation of extant forest genetic diversity. Additionally, we encourage corridor plantings between isolated populations, bolstering the genetic connectivity and diversity of populations.
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