Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025
Clinical validation of an individualized auto-adaptative serious game for combined cognitive and upper limb motor robotic rehabilitation after stroke.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02543424 (Studies of the Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Links Between Motor and Cognitive Functions in Acquired and Developmental Brain Damaged Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Studies of the Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Links Between Motor and Cognitive Functions in Acquired and Developmental Brain Damaged Patients
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Robot-assisted integrated cognitive-motor rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Trial
- REAsmash-ET: a methodological framework for combined cognitive and motor assessment through eye-tracking and kinematic metrics in immersive VR search-and-reach task.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntensive rehabilitation through challenging and individualized tasks are recommended to enhance upper limb recovery after stroke. Robot-assisted therapy (RAT) and serious games could be used to enhance functional recovery by providing simultaneous motor and cognitive rehabilitation.
objectiveThe aim of this study is to clinically validate the dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) mechanism of ROBiGAME, a robot serious game designed for simultaneous rehabilitation of motor impairments and hemispatial neglect.
methodsA proof of concept, with 24 participants in subacute and chronic stroke, was conducted using a 5-day protocol (two days were dedicated to assessment and three days to consecutive training sessions). Participants performed three consecutive ROBiGAME sessions during which overall task difficulty was determined through simultaneous DDA of motor and attentional parameters. Relationships between clinical and robotic assessment scores with respective task-difficulty parameters were analyzed using a multivariate regression model and a principal component analysis.
resultsGame difficulty rapidly (within approximately thirty minutes) auto-adapted to match individual impairment levels. The relationship between task-difficulty parameters with motor (Fugl Meyer Assessment: r = 0.84 p < 0.05) and with attentional impairments (Bells test total omissions: r = 0.617 p < 0.05) showed that task-difficulty during RAT adapted to each participant's degree of impairment. Principal component analysis identified two data subsets determining overall task-difficulty, one subset for motor and the other for cognitive functional evaluation scores with respective task-difficulty parameters.
conclusionsThis proof of concept clinically validated a DDA mechanism and showed how task-difficulty adequately adapted to match individual degrees of impairment during RAT after stroke. ROBiGAME provided simultaneous motor and attentional exercises with parameters determining task-difficulty strongly related with respective clinical and robotic evaluation scores. Individualized levels of game difficulty and rapid adjustment of the system suggest implementation in clinical practice. Registry number This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02543424).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.