ArticleBMJ global health2025
Exploring the burden of cholera in the WHO African region: patterns and trends from 2000 to 2023 cholera outbreak data.
Article in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic epidemiology reveals geographically structured co-circulation of AFR10 and AFR13Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Seasonal variation, temporal trends, and factors associated with PCR-confirmed cholera in Goma city and surrounding health zones in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2020-2024: a multilevel analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- The convergence of health system, climate, and social pathways in Malawi's 2022-2024 cholera outbreak - A qualitative assessment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Determinants of recovery time from cholera in a conflict-affected agro-pastoral region of ethiopia: evidence from survival models.Conflict and health · 2026Article
- Transforming health systems in Tanzania towards universal health coverage: a scoping review of policy evolution, 1961-2025.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Factors associated with in-hospital mortality during the 2023 cholera outbreak in Hammanskraal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cholera in Africa: Current trends, challenges, and control towards elimination strategies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- From Lake Victoria to the Tap: Antibiotic Resistance and Pathogenic Contamination of Kisumu City Water Supply and Wastewater Network.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Real-world effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine amid fragility: A case-control study from Eastern Sudan, 2024.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Strategies for achieving a healthy oral cholera vaccine market: Model-enabled scenario exploration of supply and demand dynamics.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Cholera in Kenya: A scoping review of current research, evidence gaps and future directions.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Role of communities in preparedness, response and resilience to cholera epidemics: a systematic review protocol.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of Cholera in Selected Districts of Southeastern Part of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Cholera surveillance time series in Africa between 2010 and 2023.Gates open research · 2026Article
- Effect of Supervision or Short Messages (SMS) on the Detection Rate of Diseases Under Surveillance in the Littoral Region of Cameroon: A Randomized Controlled Health Facility-Based Trial.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Africa's continental plan to end cholera.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Addressing the Recurrent and Protracted Cholera Outbreaks in Africa: Challenges and the Way Forward.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in the Era of Climate Change: Why We Should All Embrace and Integrate the One Health Approach in Clinical Practice?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Geographical shifting of cholera burden in Africa and its implications for disease control.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Cholera in Nigeria: a five-decade review of outbreak dynamics and health system responses.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Review
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8 authors.
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Abstract
introductionCholera outbreaks remain persistent in the WHO African region, with an increased trend in recent years. This study analyses actual drivers of cholera including correlations with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, and climate change trends.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study. Cholera data from 2000 to 2023 and data relating to cholera drivers were compiled and analysed through multi-level exploratory analysis. We cross-referenced several WASH indicators, and generated a similarity matrix to categorise countries or subnational units into groups using principal component analysis and K-means clustering. We integrated cholera outbreak data with WASH indicators and created a matrix of indicators relevant for analysing cholera burden. We conducted summary statistics, temporal visualisations, Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, trend analysis and statistical tests for correlations to derive patterns and trends from the data, derive similarities and develop projections.
resultsA total of 2 727 172 cases and 63 182 deaths were reported from 44 countries, representing 94% of the 47 countries in the region, from 2000 to 2023. The case fatality ratio of 2.3% is suggestive of issues in case management. A total of 684 outbreaks were reported, with the highest burdens in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Median detection time to outbreak was 2 days, while median time for outbreak control was 92 days. Cholera incidence seemed higher in the period 2014 to 2023 than in the period before 2014. The study results confirmed correlations between WASH indicators and cholera outbreaks. Risks factors include drinking surface water, lacking soap and/or water, and open defaecation. Over 29% and 58.8% of the population lack access to basic water and basic sanitation, respectively.
conclusionInsufficient access to WASH services remains the main predisposing factor for cholera in the WHO African region. Political leaders should invest more in access to WASH, strengthen multisectoral collaboration, and improve availability of needed tools to increase the likelihood of meeting cholera elimination goals by 2030.
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