Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39848307›Full record

ArticleInternational journal for parasitology2025

In vitro culture of the parasitic stage larvae of hematophagous parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.

Lu Liu, Zongshan Zhang, Fuqiang Liu, Hui Liu, Lisha Ye, Feng Liu, Nishith Gupta, Chunqun Wang, Min Hu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal for parasitology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lu LiuNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: liulu123@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.
Zongshan ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: zhangzongshan@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.
Fuqiang LiuNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: LFQ0523.hzau.edu.cn@webmail.hzau.cn.
Hui LiuNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: liuhui45@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.
Lisha YeNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: yls@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.
Feng LiuNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: fengliu@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.
Nishith GuptaIntracellular Parasite Education and Research Labs (iPEARL), Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Hyderabad, India; Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: gupta.nishith@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in.
Chunqun WangNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: wangchunqun@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
Min HuNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China. Electronic address: mhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn.

Funding

DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance IA/S/19/1/504263Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current research on common parasitic nematodes is limited because their infective stages cannot be propagated in vitro. Here, we report a culture system for developing L4s of Haemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding nematode of ruminants. Our results demonstrated that a proportionate mixture of NCTC-109 to Luria-Bertini (1:2) media promoted the formation of early L4s and then into late L4s upon inclusion of 12.5% (v/v) defibrinated blood, albeit with a decline in survival. Adding antioxidants (0.3 mg/mL of L-glutathione or 200 nmol of vitamin C) improved survival of L4s, with approximately 90% developing to late L4s by 22 days. These L4s showed parallel morphological features (such as digestive and reproduction systems) compared with in vivo L4s at day 7 (following challenge infection), although with delayed development. Our work optimized the in vitro culture system for L4s while providing an important platform for in-depth molecular research on Haemonchus and other related parasitic nematodes.

Indexed as

HaemonchusAnimalsAntioxidantsCulture MediaHaemonchiasisLarvaAntioxidantsCulture MediaAntioxidantsDefibrinated bloodHaemonchus contortusIn vitro cultureParasitic stage

Identifiers

PMID39848307
PMCPMC7617482

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.